Cardiac Output Estimation Based on Oxygen Consumption during Exercise Test on Bicycle Ergometer

Cardiac output (CO) is a cardinal parameter of cardiovascular state, and a fundamental determinant of global oxygen delivery. Historically, routine clinical measurement of CO has been limited to critically-ill patients, often with invasive indicator dilution methods such as thermodilution. A variety of cardiac output estimators have been developed over the past hundred years. The estimator evaluated in this paper is based on oxygen uptake measured during exercise test to estimate cardiac output and use heart rate (HR) to obtain also stroke volume (SV). Most important is that estimation is noninvasive and can be used during the exercises test. The results for well – trained, medium trained and untrained persons are also shown.